History Of Oda Nobunaga

HISTORY OF ODA NOBUNAGA

Nobunaga of the Oda clan is a great figure in the history of the Shogunate Era in Japan. But Oda Nobunaga figure can not be separated from the role of 2 followers who also became a central figure in the history of Shogunate in Japan; Namely Tokugawa Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (later became Toyotomi no Hideyoshi). The story begins when Nobunaga has just inherited the chair of the Oda clan from his newly deceased father Nobuhide. Nobunaga is portrayed as an angry, fierce, stupid and hunting-looking young man, but in fact it is his mask that the actual figure is not "read" by opponents from neighboring clans and even his subordinates and his people hate him for his attitude. But little by little he showed his achievements and began to control the neighboring provinces. In achieving his ambition, he is assisted by his assistants who later become figures who have popularity that surpass Nobunaga's own popularity. Hideyoshi, a poor peasant boy who pursue the career of a Nobunaga slippers became a Nobunaga's favorite general. Then finally became a Shogun-based equivalent who was able to unite all the land of Japan so given the title of Toyotomi no Hideyoshi by the Japanese emperor. A well-known aide is Tokugawa Ieyasu. The son of a small clan leader who must be hostage to the Imagawa clan that oversees the Tokugawa clan. After the Suruga Province led by the Imagawa clan was able to be dropped by Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu then served Oda Nobunaga. His peak career was to become the first Shogun of the Tokugawa clan. Nobunaga, was born as the 3rd son of Oda Nobuhide, leader of Owari Province in 1534. Oda Nobuhide is a daimyo (provincial / landowner) in Owari province. Nobunaga is the legitimate son of Nobuhide's legitimate wife named Dota Gozen thus putting Nobunaga as the legitimate heir. Nobunaga was appointed ruler of the Nagoya palace when he was only 2 years old. Interest in firearms has been shown by him since childhood. At that time the firearms had arrived to the land of Japan from the west through the port of Tanegasima. Since childhood Nobunaga has shown his intelligence which at that time was still considered strange and impressed stupid so he was nicknamed "the fool of owari". At the age of 13 years, at which time the sons of Japan celebrate the ceremony to become a Nobunaga adult gets the title Oda Kazusanosuke. Then he inherited the Oda clan after his father passed away. Nobunaga then began to lead his troops to fight against the Saito clan of Mino led by Saito Dozan in 1548. A childhood friend of Nobunaga named Matsudaira Takechiyo (then known by the name Tokugawa Ieyasu) was taken hostage since his teens by the Saito clan. The battle with the Saito clan finally ended peacefully and confirmed by Oda Nobunaga's marriage to Saito Dozan's daughter, Nohime. The previous clan's second peace agreement was made at the Sotoku temple on Koya mountain. Here it is mentioned that Nobunaga's intelligence in leading and diplomacy is shown. The meeting thrashed the "stupid of Owari" assumption. In 1553 Hirate Masahide an elder of the Oda clan and also a guardian for Nobunaga after his father Oda Nobuhide died, committed seppuku / suicide as a form of protest against the action Nobunaga married Nohime. The death of his guardian had given Nobunaga a great blow, so as a form of remorse, Nobunaga set up a temple called Masahide shrine 
             In 1556 Nobunaga's father-in-law, Saito Dozan was killed by Saito's own clan heir named Saito Yoshitatsu. Inside the Oda family itself there was a bickering in fighting for the clan heir position. Nobunaga's sister, Oda Nobuyiki is planning a rebellion aided by Hayasi Hidesada and Hayasi Michitomo. The battle finally broke out and became known as the Ino battle. Finally Nobuyuki was urged and confined in the Suemori palace. The mother of Dota Gozen mediates between her two sons who are at odds and Nobuyuki finally gets Nobunaga's pardon. But Nobuyuki has yet to give up and plan his second rebellion. As a result Nobunaga was forced to kill his own sister by using tactics of ill-fitting and trapping him in Kiyosu's palace. Nobunaga oversees a ninja named Shibata Katsuie who secretly informs of his sister's rebellion plan. Then Nobunaga began to defeat his stumbling block in control of Owari province as a whole. Oda Nobutomo Oda Yamato family leader no We who served shugodai for the district of Shimoyon successfully removed. Oda Nobukiyo ruler of the Inuyama palace, Oda Nobuyasu the Simoyon disco master who was the main lineage of the Oda clan defeated him at the battle of Ukino. Finally was getting rid of the Shiba clan and the Oda Kiyosu family gave Oda Nobunaga full power to Owari Province. In 1560, Suruga region leader Imagawa Yoshimoto led 20,000 to 40,000 troops to attack Owari. Owari's fortresses on the border with Suruga have already fallen to the hands of Imagawa Yoshimoto's forces. Unbalanced warfare ensued and infuriated Oda Nobunaga's followers, but Nobunaga remained as calm as ever. "At midnight, Nobunaga wakes up from bed asking his maid to prepare breakfast and ask his maid to play a musical instrument to accompany him to dance the Kowaka-mai dance and sing Atsumori songs. Upon completion Nobunaga asked his maid to prepare a battle suit, a horse and summon his warlords. At dawn still dark, Nobunaga triggered his horse along with 2,000 men of his army. Before going to war, Nobunaga prayed at the Atsuta-jingu temple. Then Nobunaga's troops moved towards the Imagawa camp where at that moment the Imagawa troops were drinking to celebrate the victory. The dawn attack chased Imagawa's forces and eventually Nobunaga's subordinates managed to kill Imagawa Yoshimoto ". The death of their leader made the Imagawa army broke and returned to Suruga with a great defeat. The battle was famous for the Battle of Akehazama. The incident gave the name of Oda Nobunaga, who was then 26 years old at the time. The defeat caused the Imagawa clan's power over the Matsudaira clan to weaken. Nobunaga's opportunity to take the Matsudaira clan through the agreement of the Kiyosu Guild aimed to destroy the Imagawa clan. The agreement finally brought Oda Nobunaga back with his childhood friend Matsudaira Motoyasu (later known as Tokugawa Ieyasu). Nobunaga's ambitions do not stop there. Mino's neighboring province is controlled by Saito Tatsuoki. In 1564 Nobunaga aligned with Azai Nagamasa of northern Omi to clamp the Saito clan's position. To confirm the agreement, Nobunaga Oichi's sister was married to Azai Nagamasa. In 1566 Nobunaga ordered Kinoshita Tokichiro (Hashiba Hideyoshi, later to become Toyotomi no Hideyoshi) to build the Sunomata palace on the edge of the Mino border mound with Owari as a stepping stone in the assault later. Thanks to the help of the Takenaka clan, the Three Triads of the western Mino (Inaba clan, Ujiie clan and Ando clan), Hachisuka clan, Maeno clan and Kanamori clan; Nobunaga was able to defeat the Saito clan. At the age of 33 years, Nobunaga has become a Daimyo of two provinces, namely Owari and Mino. The conquest of Mino was the first step to conquer all of Japan. At that point the Oda clans government center was moved to Gifu.
            In that era the shogun was merely a puppet of the ruling clan. It was the Miyosi clan who was a subordinate of the Hosokawa clan who had been hereditary for Kanrei in the Kinai region. The ruling Shogun at the time was Ashikaga Yoshiteru at odds with the Miyosi clan, causing the killing of Shogun by the Triad of Miyosi and Matsunaga Hisahide. Ashikaga Yoshiteru's sister Ashikaga Yoshiaki is also the target of the Miyosi clan. Yoshiaki then went on to seek refuge in Echizen province, which is controlled by Asakura Yoshikage, the leader of the Asakura clan. But the request was responded coldly by Asakura Yoshikage. Yoshiaki then turned to the rulers Owari and Mino, Oda Nobunaga to seek refuge. This appealed to Nobunaga's interest because it could be used for the reason of mastering Kyoto, the capital of the Japanese government at the time. Nobunaga recognizes Ashikaga Yoshiaki as the 15th Shogun and will escort him back to Kyoto. On the way, Nobunaga's entourage must stop in the Omi province ruled by the Rokkaku clan, led by Rokkaku Yoshikata. But eventually Nobunaga can be conquered. "The Kyoto rulers of the time Miyosi Yositsugu and Matsunaga Hisahide were also able to defeat Nobunaga thus paving the way for control of the capital. The newly established shogunate but it is only a title because the power of Shogun is run by Oda Nobunaga ". Apparently behind Nobunaga, Shogun Yoshiaki formed an alliance with Daimyo-Daimyo anti Nobunaga. Nobunaga then began to take control of the provinces in 1567. Beginning with Sakai city initially requested to submit to "bribes" of 20,000, but was opposed by Sakai merchants backed by a triad of Miyosi. Finally the city of Sakai also fell after being attacked by Nobunaga's forces in 1569. Nobunaga then conquered Ise province with the help of his two sons married to daughters of an influential clan in Ise. The clan was the Kambe clan and the Kitabatake clan. In 1570, Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu combined forces to capture the Asakura Yoshikage-led Echizen province. After several Asakura palaces were conquered, the combined forces suffered a sudden attack on Kanegasaki. "The Oda-Tokugawa troops are clamped by Asakura's pecking in front and Azai Nagamasa's troops in the back. Azai Nagamasa is Nobunaga's ally used to fight for Mino, who is Nobunaga's brother-in-law. Thanks to Kinoshita Hideyoshi's ingenuity, Nobunaga escaped and the event was famous as Kanegasaki Street Lolos ". Meanwhile Shogun Yoshiaki's coalition with Nobunaga's opponents is growing stronger, consisting of Takeda Shigen, Asakura Yoshikage, Azai Nagamasa, Triple Miyosi, and the combined armed forces of Biddha and Sinto temples like Ishiyama Honganji and Enryakuji. Miyosi Yoshitsugu and Matsunaga Hisahide are also invited to join. Tokugawa Ieyasu was sent to conquer the Azai-Asakura coalition forces. Although eventually won by Ieyasu, but the losses suffered so great. The ensuing battle, Nobunaga's army suffered a bitter defeat against the combined forces of Enryakuji-Azai-Asakura temple. In 1571, Oda Nobunaga made a decision which many of his followers opposed including Tokugawa Ieyasu. The decision was to burn down the Enryakuji temple and kill all its inhabitants no matter women and children. The incident made Nobunaga criticized especially from his opponents who said it as a Devil who destroyed the Buddhist teachings in Japan. Enryakuji Temple is the first Buddhist temple in Japan founded by a chinese priest.
       In 1575, heir of Takeda Shigen, Takeda Katsuyori attacked the Nagashino palace. The palace is the residence of Ieyasu's son-in-law, Okudaira Nobumasa. The attack with 15,000 troops was motivated by revenge aimed at Ieyasu. Ieyasu then asked for Nobunaga's help and was answered by the deployment of 30,000 Oda troops. Added by 5,000 Ieyasu troops, Takeda Katsuyori's men suffered a total defeat in which more than 10,000 soldiers were killed in the fighting. This victory in addition to the much greater number of Takeda Katsuyori soldiers, the strategy of the Oda sharpshooter and also the persistence of Nobumasa's army in defending the attacks of 15,000 Katsutori troops before the help of Nobunaga and Ieyasu came. In the same year Oda Nobunaga appointed Shibata Katsuie as Commander of Combined Forces to attack Ikko Ikki's forces which were formed after the Asakura clan's destruction. The troop attack on Echizen slaughtered tens of thousands of people regardless of age and gender. "Nobunaga's subordinates describe the event with a vast expanse of land without any empty space without a corpse. And thousands of prisoners, crucified, boiled and burned alive ". In 1576, Nobunaga built the Azuchi palace on the banks of Lake Biwa Omi Province. The palace will be used as the center of Nobunaga's government in unifying Japan. The palace was completed in 1579 and was the grandest palace in Japan and even a missionary from Europe said there was no palace in Europe as grand as the Azuchi palace. Development also experienced obstacles such as the attack of the temple Ishiyama Honganji that almost failed, Nobunaga's first sea battle that suffered defeat at the mouth of the river Kizu. The sea battle was caused by Mori's naval attack on Nobunaga's boats carrying supplies to supply supplies for soldiers who attacked Ishiyama Shrine. The defeat caused Nobunaga's forces to withdraw temporarily. Nobunaga then ordered Kuki Yoshitaka to build boats made of iron plates so that they are burning. The second sea battle resumed and Nobunaga's army suffered a glorious victory followed by a victory against monk (monk) troops from Ishiyama Honganji temple. Nobunaga's success in his efforts to unite can not be separated from his warlords. They are Shibata Katsuie, Oda Nobutada, Akechi Mitsuhide, Hashiba Hideyoshi, Niwa Nagahide and Sakuma Nobumori. In 1579, Hashiba Hideyoshi conquered Ukita Naoie and Bizen province, Hatano Hideharu's troops from Tanba were forced to surrender by Akechi Mitsuhide. "Hatano was sentenced to death by Nobunaga even though he had previously surrendered to the inducement of Hideyoshi. Nobunaga's actions indirectly resulted in the killing of Akechi Mitsuhide's mother, who had previously been captured by Hatano Hideharu's forces. This incident is the beginning of Akechi Mitsuhide's sense of distraction and hatred to Nobunaga ". Meanwhile, Nobunaga's son Kitabatake Nabuo (Oda Nabuo) who was assigned to lead Ise province carried out an attack on Iga province without Nobunaga's knowledge. The attack turned out to be a failure and eventually known by Nobunaga. After scolding his second son in an all-out way, Nobunga then declared a local fighter in Iga province as the enemy of the Oda clan. That same year, Nobunaga's Oda troops led by Besso Nagahara and Araki Murashige quell the rebels in Kinai. "For reasons still unknown, Nobunaga ordered his wife Tokugawa Ieyasu to commit seppuku. This action raises the pros and cons among the Tokugawa followers. But in the end Ieyasu had to give up his beloved wife to commit seppuku " 
    In 1580, successfully reconciled with the side of Ishiyama Honganji temple with the intervention of Emperor Ogimachi. Ishiyama Temple then moved to Osaka. In the same year, no cause is still unknown; Nobunaga drove his followers, including: Sakuma Nobumori, Hayashi Hidesada, Ando Morinari, Niwa Ujikatsu. In 1581 Nobunaga led 60,000 troops to attack the Iga with the motive of avenging the defeat of his second son. Mass murders occur that do not look at women and children who are suspected as ninja. More than 10,000 people are reportedly killed and Iga province became uninhabited and the property of the population also disappeared without a trace. In March 1582, Oda Nobutada's forces invaded the Takeda region and subsequently conquered Shinano and Suruga provinces. Takeda Katsuyori as the clan leader had to flee to Tenmoku mountain in Kai province and was forced to commit seppuku / suicide. Katsuyori's death marked the end of the Takeda clan. But Nobunaga was not satisfied until there and ordered the destruction of all Kateda descendants as well as his assistants who are considered to be later on to retaliate against the destruction of the Takeda clan. This decision was strongly opposed by Tokugawa Ieyasu and some ministers of the Oda clan. Ieyasu secretly hid some people from the Takeda clan. On May 15, 1582 Tokugawa Ieyasu visited Azuchi's palace in order to thank Mr. Nobunaga's trust by giving the Suruga territory to the Tokugawa. Nobunaga commissioned Akechi Mitsuhide as host in welcoming Tokugawa Ieyasu entourage. Amid Ieyasu's visit, Nobunaga received an envoy sent by Hashiba Hideyoshi who submitted his plea to request troop assistance. At that time Hideyoshi tried to seize the Takamatsu palace in Bitchu, and had difficulty in facing Mori's much larger army. Nobunaga responded to the request by sending Mitsuhide alongside the relief troops who had previously been relieved of as host in the Tokugawa Ieyasu shooting. "But actually Akechi Mitsuhide feels that Nobunaga is disappointed with his work as host, hence sending him to help Hideyoshi". On May 29, 1582, Nobunaga left for Kyoto in order to prepare troops to attack Mori's army. On the way, Nobunaga is staying at Honnoji temple in Kyoto. Akechi Mitsuhide who had previously left with troops of reinforcements to Hideyoshi turned and attacked the Honnoji temple. The attack forced Oda Nobunaga to commit seppuku / suicide on June 2, 1582. Many assume this old-time revenge attack of Nobunaga's earlier actions which caused Mitsuhide's mother to be killed while captured by the enemy. This event is known as the Honnoji Incident.